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Immobilization
Prolonged immobilization of the shoulder joint due to injury, surgery, or certain medical conditions can lead to the formation of scar tissue and adhesions within the joint capsule.
Inflammation
Inflammation of the shoulder joint capsule, often triggered by injury, overuse, or underlying medical conditions such as diabetes or thyroid disorders, can contribute to the development of frozen shoulder.
Age and Gender
Frozen shoulder tends to occur more frequently in individuals aged 40 to 60 years old, and women are more likely to develop the condition than men.
Systemic diseases
Certain systemic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune conditions may increase the risk of developing frozen shoulder.
- Pain: Persistent dull or aching pain in the shoulder joint, which may worsen at night or with movement.
- Stiffness: Gradual onset of stiffness in the shoulder joint, making it difficult to move the arm in all directions, particularly reaching behind the back or overhead.
- Restricted range of motion: Limited ability to perform everyday activities such as dressing, combing hair, or reaching for objects due to reduced shoulder mobility.
- Progression through stages: Frozen shoulder typically progresses through three stages: freezing stage (pain and stiffness worsen over time), frozen stage (stiffness is most pronounced), and thawing stage (gradual improvement in pain and mobility).